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Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ________.
should be avoided
is universal among parents
sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
will make him lose interest in learning new things
In the process of children’s learning new skills parents ________.
should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
should not expect too much of them
should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
should create as many learning opportunities as possible
The second paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
parents should be strict with their children
parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community
parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone
parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation
The word “precept” (Line 3, Para. 3) probably means “________”.
idea
punishment
behavior
instruction
In moral matters, parents should ________.
observe the rules themselves
be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
forbid things which have no foundation in morality
consistently ensure the security of their children
