Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million ___1___ of these nations looked ___2___ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence ___3___ the ideals of representative government, careers ___4___ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws.

On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, there was less agreement ___10___ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one ___11___ by the Spanish crown. ___12___ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ___13___ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the ___14___ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying ___15___ for the conservative forces.

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had ___16___ in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s ___17___ colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much ___18___ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies ___19___. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was ___20___ self-rule and democracy.

1.    [A] natives

[B] inhabitants

[C] peoples

[D] individuals

2.    [A] confusedly

[B] cheerfully

[C] worriedly

[D] hopefully

3.    [A] shared

[B] forgot

[C] attained

[D] rejected

4.    [A] related

[B] close

[C] open

[D] devoted

5.    [A] access

[B] succession

[C] right

[D] return

6.    [A] Presumably

[B] Incidentally

[C] Obviously

[D] Generally

7.    [A] unique

[B] common

[C] particular

[D] typical

8.    [A] freedom

[B] origin

[C] impact

[D] reform

9.    [A] therefore

[B] however

[C] indeed

[D] moreover

10.  [A] with

[B] about

[C] among

[D] by

11.  [A] allowed

[B] preached

[C] granted

[D] funded

12.  [A] Since

[B] If

[C] Unless

[D] While

13.  [A] as

[B] for

[C] under

[D] against

14.  [A] spread

[B] interference

[C] exclusion

[D] influence

15.  [A] support

[B] cry

[C] plea

[D] wish

16.  [A] urged

[B] intended

[C] expected

[D] promised

17.  [A] controlling

[B] former

[C] remaining

[D] original

18.  [A] slower

[B] faster

[C] easier

[D] tougher

19.  [A] created

[B] produced

[C] contributed

[D] preferred

20.  [A] puzzled by

[B] hostile to

[C] pessimistic about

[D] unprepared for